Working Device Of Loader

The loader's excavation and loading and unloading operations are achieved through the movement of its working device. The loader's working device consists of a bucket 1, a boom 2, a connecting rod 3, a rocker arm 4, a bucket cylinder 5, and a boom cylinder 6. The entire working device is hinged to the frame 7. The bucket is hinged to the bucket cylinder through the connecting rod and the rocker arm for loading and unloading materials. The boom is hinged to the frame and the boom cylinder for lifting and lowering the bucket. The bucket is turned over and the boom is raised and lowered by hydraulic control. [1]
When the loader is operating, the working device should be able to ensure that: when the bucket cylinder is locked and the boom cylinder is raised or lowered, the connecting rod mechanism causes the bucket to move horizontally or nearly horizontally up and down to prevent the bucket from tilting and spilling materials; when the boom is in any position and the bucket rotates around the boom hinge to unload materials, the bucket's tilt angle is not less than 45°, and the bucket can be automatically leveled when the boom is lowered after unloading. Comprehensively considering the structural types of loader working devices at home and abroad, there are mainly seven types, namely, according to the number of components of the connecting rod mechanism, it is divided into three-rod type, four-rod type, five-rod type, six-rod type and eight-rod type, etc.; according to whether the direction of the input and output rods is the same, it is divided into forward and reverse connecting rod mechanisms, etc. The bucket structure of the loader for earthwork engineering is usually made of low-carbon, wear-resistant, high-strength steel plates welded together, the cutting edge is made of wear-resistant medium manganese alloy steel, and the side cutting edge and reinforced angle plate are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel. There are four shapes of bucket cutters. The selection of tooth shape should consider factors such as insertion resistance, wear resistance and easy replacement. The tooth shape is divided into sharp teeth and blunt teeth. Tire loaders mostly use sharp teeth, while crawler loaders mostly use blunt teeth. The number of bucket teeth depends on the bucket width, and the bucket tooth pitch is generally 150-300mm. Bucket teeth are divided into two types: integral and split. Small and medium-sized loaders mostly use integral type, while large loaders often use split type due to poor working conditions and severe bucket tooth wear. Split bucket teeth are divided into two parts: basic teeth 2 and tooth tips 1. After wear, only the tooth tips need to be replaced.